How to Win Solo Queue

Solo queue is intimidating at first because you do not know what to expect from your teammates. But there is also a lot to exploit because of the amount of disorganization.

We'll walk through the following:

1. Picking Phase
2. Game Sense, Awareness, and Communication
3. Item Guide
4. Warding
5. Pushing and Defending

Picking Phase

This is arguably one of the most important parts of the game. You can recover from a bad lane composition. But, I've found it much harder to win with a bad team composition. There are a lot of things to consider in a team composition:

• Farm Priority / Requirement
• High Farm Carries
• Low Farm Supports
• Hero Roles / Strengths
• Crowd Control
• Initiation
• DPS
• Number of Invisible Heroes
• Early / Mid / Late
• Lane Composition
• Who is going to mid?
• Are you going to Trilane?
• Jungle Trilane?
• Aggressive/Defensive Trilane?
• Is anyone on your team capable of running Suicide lane (i.e. soloing the hard lane)?

Also, let's lay some general rules:

• Do not "counter-pick" if it will hurt your team composition
• Example: You have 2 hard carries. They pick Riki. DO NOT PICK SLARDAR AND TRY TO CARRY WITH HIM. You have 2 heroes that need a lot of farm, another hero needing farm will hurt you badly.
• Avoid picking multiple invisible heroes
• This is an invitation for the other team to get a Gem --> "Killing 2 birds with 1 stone"

Farm Priority

I wrote about this a bit in The "Chinese Number System". All it really does is specify who yields to the other player when multiple heroes want to farm a lane. Obviously there are exceptions, but it's still a good rule or thumb or a tie breaker.

Picking heroes around this system is a very good place to start. If your team has an Anti-Mage and Faceless Void (both considered #1 high priority farmers), your team will not benefit from you picking even more carries or high farm heroes. You might want to wait and see what others pick. If you get, for instance a Rubick and a Chen, then you'll want to stick with probably a #5/Hard Support. In this scenario, you'll want to encourage the Rubick to take Mid (#2), the Chen to take #4/Jungle Support, then Trilane with either Anti-Mage or Faceless Void. Both carries have an escape mechanism, so they could theoretically run solo suicide lane.

However, you have to be prepared for your team defaulting to a 2-1-2. In either case, you'll probably want a babysitter type hero with some good stuns and low necessity for farm/items. Otherwise, too many of you will be fighting for farm and none of you will have the items to carry.

Hero Roles / Strengths

You want to have a good spread of heroes. For pub games, doing "all-in" strategies (e.g. fast push) are usually bad ideas because people are uncoordinated.

A pub team needs three-four things (generally) to be "balanced":

1. DPS - magic DPS can work, but Physical is usually the safer option because BKB can totally screw over a magic DPS-er
2. Initiation - pubs are afraid to start fights. You need someone who can go in and stun the entire team or just get everyone else to feel safe going in
3. Crowd Control - you need some way to manage the fight. Crowd Control usually comes from a support, but it can easily come from Faceless Void (Chronosphere) or something similar.
4. Mid Hero - not as necessary, but mid lane is generally going to be 1v1. You want to grab a hero that can handle it effectively, otherwise that's one lane that will be a guaranteed loss and there's no reason to sacrifice that (in a pub)

Sometimes, it's not very clear though. Here's an example match I played in: https://dotabuff.com/matches/59520931

Our Lineup	What My Team Saw	What I Saw
Crystal Maiden	#4 Support	#5, Support, Team Fight, Minor Crowd Control, Roaming Potential
Tidehunter	#2 Tank + Initiator	#3/4, Initiator, Crowd Control Ult, Roaming Potential
Razor	#1 Carry, Farmer	#2, Semi-Carr (DPS dependent upon proximity to ult and Static Link), Ganker
Zeus	#2 Magic DPS	#2, Utility, Magic Damage, Minor True Sight, Global
Their Lineup
Weaver	#1 Carry	#1, Hard to Gank, Needs lots of farm, annoyance
Axe	#2 Jungle Carry	#4, Jungle Ganker, needs lots of farm, probably going to AFK in the jungle because it’s a pub
Sniper	#1 Carry	#1, DPS, easy to kill early, will win if this goes late game
Shadow Shaman	#5 Support Pusher	#5, Crowd Control, Support, Push, Team Fight, Roaming
Centar Warrunner	#2 Imba Ult	Somewhere between #3-#1 farm, Tanky, Global Presence, Crowd Control, Initiation

I picked Riki. My team flamed me, but I felt good about my pick because he was what we were missing. He might not have been the best pick, but you only have so much time to pick. My logic was:

• We didn't have any reliable DPS. Yes, Razor can DPS, but it's too easy to break Static Link
• We needed some more Crowd Control (Riki has smoke)
• Heroes like Weaver, Sniper, and Shadow Shaman can be picked off quite easily by a Riki
• Using Riki to scout, we can line up good Tidehunter initiations
• Riki is perfect for killing AFK jungler Axe's or split-pushing Weavers
• Sniper can outcarry late game, but if Riki can approach Sniper undetected, he's not as big of a threat (i.e. Riki "counters" Sniper's need for positioning)
• Plus, Riki is a pub stomp hero because no one buys dust

We did get crushed in the lane, but I reassured my team that once I hit level 6 and could gank, everything would turn around. It did. Part of the fail in lane was due to my pick and not effectively communicating who would be in each lane. However, part of it was also terrible lane composition (Tide and CM laned together which made no sense because both have lower farm priority than Riki and Razor).

Important Note: Role Switching

Sometimes you'll have to switch what role your hero is taking up. Some heroes are better at this than others, but it's something that happens a lot in pubs. If you're playing Rubick and someone picks Tinker, you might need to yield and let Tinker mid because Rubick can be played effectively as a support whereas Tinker is pretty much rubbish at it.

Same goes with other heroes. Mirana, in a pinch, can be played as a roaming support, utilizing her arrow and ult to set up kills while buying wards and such.

If you pick Vengeful Spirit to support, but have no carry, she is a very viable semi-carry or even hard carry.

Peak in Game

Heroes peak at different times. A hero like Phantom Lancer is really late game. Crystal Maiden does a lot of damage early on.

In theory, you could say every hero is a carry at a different point in the game.

If you stack too much of one thing it will make the match more difficult. Everyone has felt that. Early in your DotA career everyone has a game with 5 late game carries and it makes it impossibly hard.

However, you also have to take advantage of your lineup when it peaks. If you have 2 early game heroes and 3 mid game, then go wild mid game. Gank, push, etc. You need to exploit that window of opportunity.

Lane Composition

Figuring out who is going to what lane is another big ordeal and very important. You want to spread out farm priority as well as make sure your lanes have synergy.

To do this you need to communicate. If someone picks Leshrac, find out if they're planning to run him as a Mid (#2) or as a Roaming Ganker (#4). That will affect what you pick. For instance, if he says Roaming Ganker, you might want to pick a hard support or carry to combo with him (e.g. Naga Siren's net makes Leshrac's stun a guaranteed hit).

When people don't reply, I assume I'll be in suicide lane (i.e. solo hard lane) because no one want to be there, so I pick a hero that fits there and whatever role we need. For instance, Wind Runner can play in suicide lane without much risk, plus she can fill in as utility, support, and sometimes semi-carry.

Game Sense, Awareness, and Communication

This is incredibly necessary all throughout the game, not just the laning phase. You need to watch everything like a hawk. The more information you have, the better your decisions are.

General Rules of Thumb:

• Blame everything on yourself
• There's always something you could have done better
• You can make up for another player's poor map awareness by communicating 
• Constantly check the minimap
• Don't expect MIA calls
• Call MIAs from other lanes
• Check for number of enemies on the screen
• Figure out trajectories 
• Constantly check other hero's items (allied and enemy)
• Prevent your allies from building poor items choices for the given match
• See what your enemies are building or what they have (e.g. Gem is a big one, BKB can be a game changer, same with Blink Dagger)
• Communicate everything
• It's very hard to over communicate in DotA
• Most people don't know what they should be doing, communication helps them make those choices
• Keep everyone positive
• Being rude sets your team up for failure (you already have 5 enemies, why create more?)
• Complement your teammates
• Forgive people that mess up, everyone makes mistakes (plus, you play worse when you're upset/angry/feeling bad)
• Generate an environment of fun, that keeps everyone relaxed. You play better relaxed.

Map Awareness

This is something you have to be on top of for both yourself and teammates. Call out ALL MIAs. MIA calls are a crutch. Rise above that and be aware of every lane. This will benefit you going forward if you play heroes like Nature's Prophet and Ancient Apparition. You need to see everything to make your global presence known.

Watch the other lanes. People miss a lot of easy gank opportunities because they don't pick up early TPs and don't watch the map. Sometimes, you can TP to another lane and turn a enemy tower dive into a double kill for your team.

You need to watch movement too, not just whether a hero is missing. Sometimes you can spot a hero clumsily running through a warded area and tell your team to back up before a gank occurs (which can also result in an easy kill because now your team is against 1 hero that was sneaking around).

Watch your towers all the time too. Losing towers for no reason is stupid. A lot of people tunnel vision on a push/gank/whatever and miss that Leshrac is taking out a tower where a Fortification or TP could have stopped him.

Game Sense

Game sense, in short, is knowing what to expect, what action would have the biggest impact, etc.

This is also where Hero Awareness comes into play. Watch allies and enemies to see what they're building.  A Sand King with Blink is a lot scarier when you're pushing than one without it. Knowing that information will change how you play, where you ward, and how you approach a scenario.

Same goes for allies. Don't expect your Pudge to have a Pipe. Maybe he thought Force Staff would be more effective, despite the mass amounts of magic damage the other team does. If you check this stuff, you'll know whether it's safe to engage a team fight, or if you should hold off.

Use this sort of information to make educated decisions about what your team should be doing right now. Some examples:

• You're ahead and the other team is turtling - Rosh might be a good option because they're playing so defensively. The Aegis will make a push safer because your Carry has two lives.
• You're jungling alone, no wards are up and the enemy team has a Bounty Hunter who has not been seen in a while. You might want to back up, buy yourself some wards/dust, and farm cautiously.
• Ursa is level 7. You hear his roar/ult, but have not seen him go to the Rosh pit. You might want to check Rosh because there's a good chance Ursa used Smoke to sneak past your wards.
• Your team is pushing a base tower, the other team is pushing your Tier 1 (furthest from base) tower. It's not worth it to port back and defend it. You're trading them for something worth a lot more. You have the opportunity to take a Barracks, they don't.
• Your team is ahead, but the other team has more hard carries and some of them are doing decently well. Then get your team to end the game early. You can't just mindlessly charge a Barracks though, get a strategy in place, make sure people aren't dicking around and farming when the item is unnecessary.
• You're Anti-Mage. Your team is pushing a T1 tower and 3 enemies are there contesting it, you can see that one is still at mid. You have Battlefury and basically a lane to free farm. Best choice is probably going to be split push. You get a lot of free farm as the carry, they'll have a tough time defending two towers. You know their mid isn't at top, so it will at least be a 4v4. If anyone comes for you, Anti-Mage can easily blink to safety.

And remember, if your team ever argues with you (e.g. in last example: "AM, get the fuck to top and help push"), just calmly explain your logic. If it's sound logic, most people will back off and say "oh, ok".

Important Note: Address Failures

Don't let failures repeat. If someone is doing bad at mid, GO GANK MID. Anyone can gank any lane. It's not mid's sole purpose to be the only ganker. Hell, half the time when you gank mid, then gain a lead and then gank other lanes. Domino effect.

Likewise, if you're dual laning hard lane and it's not working out, you might want to try:

• Ganking other lanes
• Stacking
• Jungling
• Asking to switch lanes
• Asking for a gank

If your team is giving up towers for free, tell people to carry TPs. Carry one yourself as well.

If you are getting caught out, then start traveling with people, carry dust, put up more wards, etc. Fix problems.

Communication (& Leadership)

Obviously, communication is important. But a lot of people leave it at just "MIA".

When you have any team of 4+ people, someone has to be leader. You need to make the calls on what to do. Most of the time, people just meander around and farm without any sort of direction. Ping heroes you want to gank and explain what you're going to do. Ping towers and tell people to defend or attack. You have to give your team direction or the game will stagnate.

Letting others what you intend to do is another big piece of this game. I see a lot of people TP to defend a tower alone, then flame their team "WTF no TPs guys". Well no shit, you didn't ask. I'm sure people would have come to help if they had known someone else was going to go. This goes back to the concept of blame yourself for everything. Yes, perfect world, your teammates would have been watching the minimap and you all would have ESP and TP at the same time. But this is a pub MM game. You have to talk to people. You aren't going to all be on the same wavelength, the same skill level, etc. But talking makes up for this. You can spread your awesome game sense and map awareness through a mic or a keyboard.

There are a lot of ways to help get people on board with what you're doing in addition to talking. Sometimes they won't feel safe pushing. Buy some wards and place them in spots so that you can see ganks coming. After that, all it takes is a simple "Hey, I'm putting up some pushing wards, let's go take mid".

Item Guide

Picking items that suit the match can be pretty difficult to do, but it's also important.

General Rules of Thumb:

• Be able to explain WHY you picked an item (and it better not "it's good on so-and-so")
• This should be a simple question, if you can't answer it, then odds are the item isn't good for the match
• Give up on big items if you're not doing well
• Knowing when to give up is very hard
• Sometimes you need to do this or you'll keep dying 
• ANYONE can buy "support/team" items
• They benefit everyone, even you, so sometimes it's best to pick them up yourself
• Sometimes other players are having trouble even farming enough to get those items, so give them a hand. It's a team game. Not a dictatorship. 
• Try to get items that benefit you/your team in every way (stats they give, actives they provide, etc)
• Ideally, you want items that complement you in every way
• Don't let active/passive abilities go to waste (looking at you Shadow Blade users) 
• Fill in the "blanks" on your team
• Items are there to adapt, get things you're missing
• Use items to address failures (e.g. Mek is great for team fights against big AoE nukers)

Farming Items

I wrote about this a bit in the past: Item Guide: Farming Items 

The big four are:

• Battlefury
• Radiance
• Hand of Midas
• Mjollnir/Maelstrom

These are great items if you can get them early enough. However, it's not as useful to get them after loose "benchmark" times. If you get your Battlefury at 40 minutes, how much time do you think you'll get to farm with it? Not very much. At that point, you're mostly teamfighting and pushing.

That's not to say they don't have uses late game (well, maybe not Midas), but you miss out on one of the huge benefits by not getting them early.

Invisibility Detection

This is another topic I've talked about before: Item Guide: Invisibility Detection 

The cliff notes version is:

• Sentry Wards
• Good for counter-warding
• Good for location-based activity
• Pushing: gives you vision of invisible heroes trying to start the fight at the tower
• Defending: gives you additional vision to prevent initiations
• Dust
• Good for ganking heroes with invisibility
• Good for team fights / baiting / counter-ganking
• THIS WILL NOT PREVENT A GANKING INVIS HERO FROM KILLING YOU
• Gem 
• Good for preventing a ganking invis hero from killing you
• Good for counter-warding
• Good for ganking
• Be careful because
• It drops on death
• It's a money investment
• There is a cooldown on buying another one

Utility and Crowd Control

• Orchid
• See this - Item Guide; Orchid Malevolence 
• Good for ganking blinkers
• Good for ganking crowd control heroes 1v1
• Good for heroes that need DPS and Mana Regen
• Good against heroes that rely on casting spells to be useful
• Pretty easy to build (small components)
• Note: it deals bonus damage at the end of the silence
• Sheep Stick
• Great late game pick up, pretty self explanatory item
• Eul's
• Great for mobility and mana regen
• Works as a "get out of jail free card" to heroes that get initiated on
• Good for stalling a hero while your allies catch up
• Helps supports survive battles
• Gives you a bit longer for abilities (e.g. blink) to come off cooldown
• Drum of Endurance
• Good item for general scenarios
• Excellent for catching up (Bracer = survival, plus some int)
• Active is great in team fights
• You should generally have one per team
• Urn of Shadows
• Good for gankers (heal between ganks, secure kills)
• Good for stats (cheap item with STR and mana regen)
• Medallion of Courage
• Good for ganking
• Good for Supports that have low armor
• Good for early Roshing using minons (armor debuff works on Rosh)
• Good for jungling (take out jungle creeps super fast)
• Necronomicon
• Good for team fights (people accidentally kill the creep that deals Pure Damage to killer on death)
• Good for chasing
• Decent against Invis heroes
• Great for pushing
• Works well with:
• Nature's Prophet - works with Sprout, aids in his split pushing, utility in fights
• Lycan - more push power, invis detection, the minions gain his buffs
• Bane - more utility, pushing, creeps can attack the hero he is ulting
• Rod of Atos
• Still considered a very niche pick up
• Good for heroes that need HP and INT
• Can be disassembled (don't know what you'd do with 2 +10 INT items though, Vit Booster is useful in other places)
• Natural Synergies:
• Ancient Apparition - works better than Eul's for guaranteeing a stun (Cold Feet + Rod of Atos = stun, plus they continue taking damage whereas Eul's makes them immune)
• Keeper of the Light - he needs HP, the slow helps him hit his nuke
• Silencer - good stats for him, gives him more utility
• Outworld Destroyer - good stats, better able to auto attack due to the slow
• Force Staff
• Get this if the other team has a hero like Nature's Prophet (Sprout), Clockwerk (Cogs), etc.
• Sometimes it's worth it to get one if your teammate is one of those heroes and has bad Sprouts/Cogs
• Can be used to help someone escape (use it to get up on cliffs)
• Can be used to clear trees when pushing (more vision = harder to gank)
• Can be used to push an enemy out in the open during a stalemate (e.g. enemy is sitting in base to defend)
• Good for positioning
• Stats work well on supports (Int and Regen)

Magic Protection

• Black King Bar
• Good for fighting the KNOWN (e.g. you're planning to initiate)
• Good for escaping
• Good for team fights
• Good for carries (especially ones that need the STR/HP and Damage)
• Linken's
• Good for the UNKNOWN (e.g. a fed Tiny now cannot blink and insta-own you with a combo)
• Good for initiation (able to initiate with less risk of being caught by a fast disable)
• Good for Regen/Stats
• Good against single-target spells that you're usually the target of (e.g. Doom, Laguna Blade)
• Bad if they have Lion (Mana Drain is the best Linken's popper in the game)
• Pipe
• This is a Team Item (usually seen on anyone other than the Carry)
• Good against high Magic Damage teams w/ lots of AoE
• Good for initiating (use Pipe before going into a team fight)

Lifesteal

NOTE: Lifesteal DOES NOT work on Illusions. The animation plays (otherwise it would be obvious which was real), but if you look at the HP, the lifesteal does not work.

• Vladamir's Offering
• Good for early Roshing (e.g. Ursa, Lycan)
• Late game, supports can carry this item (it's an aura)
• Can be picked up on carries, but usually it's better to have a support get it
• Generally not good early on because the damage and lifesteal work better after you have more stats (damage is a bonus based on primary stat/base damage, lifesteal is a percent based on your attack damage)
• Mask of Madness
• Good if you have appropriate timing and positioning
• It's a double-edged sword, so usually not something you want to rush (you take bonus damage)
• Helm of the Dominator
• Good if you're going to use the creep you can control (e.g. stacking)
• Good if you're ranged and need the lifesteal
• Builds into Satanic lategame

 Other

• Monkey King Bar
• Get this to counter high evasion heroes (examples below)
• Phantom Assassin (passive evasion skill)
• Riki (smoke causes miss)
• Night Stalker (fear causes miss)
• Brewmaster (multiple abilities to cause miss chance)
• Get this to counter Butterfly or Heaven's Halberd
• This does NOT work against Faceless Void's Backtrack
• Good for the mini-stun too
• Mostly gives you damage, but some DPS
• Daedalus
• Giant increase in expected damage output ("expected" due to crits)
• Basically get it for raw damage
• Works with the bonus damage from Shadow Blade
• Some heroes have natural synergies with this
• Kunkka - Tidebringer
• Earthshaker - Enchant Totem
• Sange & Yasha
• Most would say to avoid this as it is a "Jack of All Trades, Master of None" item
• Can be good if you're behind on farm / need easy build up items
• Main problem is that Sange is not a guaranteed slow
• You can split this apart to make Manta Style and Heaven's Halberd late game
• Heaven's Halberd
• Good against Right-Click carries (e.g. Phantom Assassin, Faceless Void, Anti-Mage)
• Good for support, STR carries
• Butterfly
• Good for DPS on AGI heroes
• Good for increasing EHP (effective HP, chance to evade attack means you take less damage which is like having more HP to some extent)
• Bad against Monkey King Bar
• Bloodstone
• First off: no hero NEEDs this item, but it can be beneficial
• Item Guide: Bloodstone 
• Pretty good on carries/semi-carries that rely on spamming
• Good if you're ahead and getting charges via ganking
• Eye of Skadi
• Good hero fighting item
• Good against auto-attack carries (slows attack speed)
• Good on heroes that can be easily kited
• Good on Sniper (he outranges heroes, so it makes him hard to even get to)
• Great for stats
• Pretty rare pick up because usually other Unique Attack Modifiers work better and are easier to farm
• Manta Style
• Good for survivability
• Good for Pushing
• Gets rid of debuffs (e.g. DUST - think about picking this up invis heroes)
• Good for roaming
• I believe there are some benefits that work on Illusions here (apparently Manta Style has a hidden buff or something)
• Good for heroes that can auto attack from a range during team fights (e.g. Sniper)
• Assault Curiass
• Good for pushing
• Good for team fights
• Good for increasing EHP (Effective HP - due to Armor increase)
• Good for heroes that need the attack speed
• Diffusal Blade
• Good for Illusion heroes (Illusions will get the mana burn effect)
• Good for ganking heroes (Purge slows and removes buffs)
• Can be used on allies/self to remove debuffs (e.g. DUST - again, look into this Invis heroes)
• Good stats for AGI heroes
• Natural synergy with Riki (Purge + Smoke = mega slow, more auto attacks in the smoke cloud while they're silenced)
• Desolator
• Good for pushing (works on towers)
• Good for DPS
• Good against low armor heroes (EHP scales linearly, reduction does not - it's confusing shit)
• Can confuse an enemy because they won't know if you're going BKB, Maelstrom, or Deso
• Note: This is a Unique Attack Modifier, you can only have 1
• Heart
• Good for Tanking damage and staying out in the field longer (heal a % while out of combat)
• Good for STR heroes
• Good for Illusion heroes (they inherit stats - makes them tankier and more annoying)
• Shadow Blade
• Good for Initiating (deals bonus damage on first attack out)
• Can be used defensively (but DO NOT get it for that sole purpose, you're putting half the item to waste)
• Good for ganking (can sneak past wards)
• Good for putting your team further ahead (now the other team has to buy invis detection)
• Not so good if you already have invis heroes on your team
• Natural Synergies:
• Kunkka - Damage on first attack out of invis works with Tidebringer
• Shadow Fiend -  Channeling his ult won't break invis until there is too little time for the other team to react
• Some people like this on channeling heroes because if you use it after channel has started, it won't break channel or invis (e.g. Witch Doctor ult, Crystal Maiden ult)
• Skull Basher / Abyssal Blade
• Decent on melee heroes
• Abyssal Blade is a pretty good late game item due to the stun
• Mostly a cheap-ish DPS item
• Shiva's Guard
• Good on initiators (initiate -> active for more damage & slow)
• Good on tanky heroes (the aura slows attack speed, so you need someone that can hold it)
• Armlet of Mordiggian
• Item Guide: Armlet of Mordiggian 
• Good early-mid game
• Great for baiting (low HP -> switch on -> lots of HP)
• Good on STR carries/semi-carries
• Natural Synergies
• Chaos Knight - if you activate before ulting, then your Illusions get the bonus HP, but won't lose HP over time
• Lifestealer - the HP loss is negligible due to his regeneration from attacking
• Nightstalker - great for ganking because you'll get massive DPS boosts and it doesn't need to be active long
• Skeleton King - has natural lifesteal, so the HP drain is negligible
• Vanguard
• Generally good on junglers (able to tank creeps longer)
• Good on melee heroes that need the HP, Damage Block, and regen - especially if they can split push (e.g. Anti-Mage w/ Battlefury)
• Generally avoid on ranged heroes (Damage Block isn't  as good)
• Some people opt to skip this and just get Vit Booster for a Heart later
• Ring of Aquila
• Usually unnecessary (Ring of Basilius is the key thing you want)
• Can be OK on Suicide Laners
• Poor Man's Shield
• Good if you're taking a lot of harassment in lane
• Usually only want to get this on Melee heroes (again, damage block isn't as good for Ranged)

Blink Dagger vs. Force Staff

Blink Dagger vs. Force Staff

Blink is generally more of an initiation item, Force Staff is more support-ish.

Boots

Item Guide: Boots

Orchid vs. Scyth (Sheep Stick)

Both serve similar purposes, but are also picked up for different reasons.

Orchid:

• DPS and Mana Regen
• Longer Silence (however, they can still attack)
• 30% Damage Amplification (dealt at end of 5 seconds, I believe)
• Easier to Build/Smaller Components
• Lower Cooldown
• You can dispell with Purge, activating Manta, etc.

Sheep:

• More Support-ish (mostly get stats and regen)
• Sheeping will stop hero from evading, dodging, gaining XP
• Slows target

Warding

Having wards up is a problem in pub games. Having good wards up is even rarer to come by.

The thing is that just having wards up is not enough. You have to put them in the appropriate places.

The main things to consider:

1. Offensive / Defensive
2. Pushing / Turtling

If you're playing offensively, it means your team has an advantage in gold/levels/kills/etc. You put wards up in their jungle so that the other team cannot farm. In DotA, you want to take a slight advantage and exploit it as much as possible.

Defensive wards would be placed in your own jungle. These should show entraces that the enemy might use to gank your carry while they farm the jungle, trying to make up lost xp/gold. Be careful though, wards aren't always enough. Sometimes, you'll need sentries to watch for smoke ganks.

If you're Pushing, you want to cover your flanks. So Radiant pushing top lane might put a ward on the huge mountain near Dire's Tier 2 tower. Dire might place a ward near Radiant's Secret Shop if they're pushing top Tier 2 tower.

Similarly, you might place wards in those areas if you're turtling. This will give you vision so you can get outside your base a bit, watch for incoming ganks, etc.

Rosh Wards

For heroes like Ursa, you want to get a Ward and a Sentry Ward up on Rosh around the time he hits level 7. A good Ursa will smoke into Rosh so your wards will miss him.

If you're going to Rosh at any point, you want wards up that will allow you see the enemy coming in advance. These could be around the Dire Secret Shop, the Radiant Jungle entrance, etc.

Counter Warding

If you see a hero put up a ward, then get a Sentry Ward and get rid of it. Information is very important in a strategy game. Plus, Observer Wards have a cooldown between purchases. Getting rid of 1-2 wards severely hurts your enemy.

Sometimes you can tell they have a ward by the actions of the other team. Like if Nature's Prophet's ult hits you with seemingly nothing around to give vision, it's probably a ward (or an invis hero).

If you get counter warded, change up your ward spots. There are lots of ways to place wards so they give similar vision, but are in a different spot.

Anyone Can Buy Wards

People forget this. Everyone wants the supports to do it, but that's not always going to be the case. A lot of the time, if your support is kind of noobish, it's better to ward as the mid, 2nd support, etc. You at least will know how to recover from spending 150g, a newer player might be at a huge loss.

Frequently, I've found it is best to buy wards for myself. At least then I'll get the usage I need out of them (e.g. runes at mid, seeing ganks coming while pushing)

Pushing and Defending

This can be a tricky subject for players. Both highly tie into Communication and Leadership. I've found no one really pushes unless someone steps up and calls out where to push.

Pushing

Basically, you want to be pushing when it generates some sort of advantage or you already have an advantage.

Pushing is incredibly useful because after a tower is gone, the enemy has less vision and less mobility (can't TP to a destroyed tower). You also get a pretty big gold bonus.

The problem can be that pushing too much can make it easy for the carry to static farm close to the base. However, you can counter that with Smoke Ganks and/or Aggressive Wards.

Some generally good rules:

• Make sure you have good vision before doing so
• Make sure you have a TP before you do so
• If everyone is collected somewhere, it might be a good time to push
• If you recently picked off a few enemies, it's a good time to push
• If people are wandering aimlessly it might be a good time to push
• If your carry is fighting for jungle farm with allies, it might be a good time to push (and the carry can split push sometimes if they have a good escape)
• A lot of the time, it's good to just destroy towers in "shells" (i.e. get all the T1 towers, then the T2, etc.)
• If a tower is close to 130 HP (the point where it can be denied), it's usually a good idea to gather people for quickly taking the tower down before it can be denied.

Split Pushing

Split pushing is very useful too. It can be done with heroes that have good escape mechanisms, pushing abilities, pushing items, etc.

•  Good in a 4 protecting 1 strategy
• have the carry (e.g. Anti-Mage, Morphling) farming/pushing one lane 
• Have the other 4 pushing a different lane
• Enemy has to choose between scaring off the carry, letting the carry farm, and which tower to defend
• Good in some turtle scenarios (e.g. enemy is sitting in base but you can't rax)
• Have a split pusher (e.g. Nature's Prophet, Broodmother) push one lane
• The rest push the other
• Hard to defend 2 base towers at once

Early Game Pushing

This is a iffy subject. The gold early on can be huge, but you can also give the enemy carry a lot of space to farm and/or put you out in a dangerous area.